A continuation of the data center construction boom? That’s what JLL is predicting for this year.
According to JLL’s 2025 Global Data Center Outlook, data center development is projected to accelerate at an unprecedented rate this year to meet surging demand.
JLL’s report also highlights how AI is driving the need for more powerful and efficient infrastructure, another factor spurring on the accelerated pace of data center development.
The hyperscale and colocation segments alone are expected to see 10 gigawatts (GW) of new data center projects breaking ground worldwide in 2025, with 7 GW of this construction likely reaching completion before the start of next year, JLL reported.
Based on current trends in construction and planned developments, the global data center market is anticipated to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 15% through 2027, with potential to reach 20%.
While this is good news for the commercial real estate industry, this rapid growth poses challenges, including supply-demand imbalances and constraints in electricity infrastructure.
“The pace of AI innovation is not slowing down, and the data center industry must continue to adapt,” said Jonathan Kinsey, JLL EMEA Lead and Global Chair, Data Centre Solutions, in a statement. “AI’s transformative power demands have already reshaped our world, yet its most significant and enduring effect may lie in how we rise to meet the substantial energy demands required to fuel this technological revolution. The results will fundamentally reshape data center design and operation.”
Higher rack density and advanced cooling technology
At the heart of the AI boom lies the rapid evolution of semiconductor technology. Over the past two years, advances in graphics processing units (GPUs) have enabled higher rack densities, now ranging from 40 kilowatts (kW) to 130 kW per rack, according to JLL’s report. Future chips are projected to require up to 250 kW per rack, something that will require advanced cooling solutions.
As GPUs become increasingly energy-intensive, thermal management is another pressing challenge. Liquid cooling is expected to become the standard for new developments, while immersion cooling will likely gain traction as GPUs surpass 150 kW, JLL said.
Despite the focus on AI, traditional workloads like data storage and cloud-based applications will continue to dominate demand through 2030, accounting for more than half of all data center activity, according to JLL’s research.
“While not every data center is or will be a specialized AI facility, all data centers can benefit from more energy-efficient operations and improved technology integration,” said Andrew Green, JLL Regional Data Center Practice Lead, Asia Pacific, in a statement.
Navigating power bottlenecks, exploring alternative energy
The demand for global data center energy could double during the next five years, driven by AI and rising consumption in developing regions, JLL said.
While data centers represent only about 2% of global electricity usage, their clustering in metropolitan areas creates power-transmission bottlenecks. Major markets like Northern Virginia, Tokyo and London are often impacted by delays in building substations and transmission lines, projects that can take four years or more to complete.
Developers are increasingly exploring alternative energy sources, such as natural gas and fuel cells, to mitigate these challenges. Large-scale nuclear power, including small modular reactors (SMRs), are also gaining attention as a scalable, carbon-neutral solution for high-performance computing applications. Although the commercial deployment of SMRs in the U.S. is unlikely before 2030, JLL does predict that these developments will eventually become more common.
“Data center developers evaluate markets based on the availability of power, land, connectivity and tax incentives,” said Andy Cvengros, JLL Co-Lead U.S. Data Center Markets, in a statement. “Transmission constraints are a significant hurdle, but innovation in energy solutions is helping the industry adapt.”
Record financing
In little surprise, investors remain interested in data centers because of the high demand for these centers and the strong returns investors are receiving when sinking their dollars into these properties.
JLL predicts that 2025 will be another record year for data center development financing, with trading volumes also expected to rise moderately.
“Data center activity has exploded in recent years, with demand largely focused on single-tenant ground-up construction,” said Carl Beardsley, U.S. Data Center Leader, JLL Capital Markets, said in a statement. “Significant barriers to entry, including high capital requirements and long development cycles, create opportunities for core investors to recapitalize single-tenant facilities.”
While mergers and acquisitions may slow, joint ventures are expected to increase, particularly in developing markets where local partnerships can navigate regulatory and political landscapes.